Hazrat Ibrahim A.S History In Urdu
Friday 5 December 2014
Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai History In Urdu
Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai History In Urdu || Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai History In English
Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai, (1689-1752)
Sindhi
Shair-o-Soofi Buzurg - hala hawailee mein paida huwai walid ka nam
Syed Habib tha. Kuch arsay hala hawailee mein rahe phir walid kay
hamrah kotri chalay aaey.Bad azaan sair o sayahat key liye niklay is
silsilay mein Multan,Jesalmeer,Bella,Makran, kuch aur kathiawar kay
ilaqon mein phirtay rahe. Mukhtalif bazukane deen say mutaqat ki aur
faiz hasil kiya.
Aap
har waqt deene islam ki tableegh mein sargaram amal rehtay thay aap
nay apni shairee ka mawad awami kahaniyon say akhaz kiya aur bohot si
kam ki batain ashaar mein kaheen. Saray ashaar jama na hosakay mureedon
nay jo kuch suna usay hifz karliya isay likh kar mehfooz rakh liya.
Aap ka matbooa kalam "shah jo risalo" sindhi mein hai sindh ki roomani
dastanain maslan sussi pannun, umar marwee, aur momil rano waghairah ki
dastanain baray umdah tareeqai say nazam keen.
Shah
Abdul Latif Bhatai nay umar kay akhri hissay mein aik achi jagha nai
abadi ki buniyad rakhee is ki tameer mein aap khud bhi mazduron ki
tarha kaam karte rahai abadi kay sab makanat rait kay talon par banai
gaey sindhi zaban mein rait kay teelay ko "bhat" kehtay hain.is liye is
abadi ko bhat shah abdul latif kaha jane laga. Sindh kay hukmaran
Ghulam Shah nay aap ki qabar par khoobsurat roza tameer karaya. Isi nay
Sukkur kay aik mashhoor khatat aur naqqash say roze par naqashi karaee
yahin aap ka mazar marjae khalaeq hai.
Shah Abdul Llatif Bhitaee ki
shairee na sirf Sindhi adab aur Sindhiyon bulkay puri dunia kay awam ka adab
aur qeemati asasa hai.duniya kay aksar shair shah abdul latif bhittai kay maqam
par nahin pohonchay in khayalat ka izhar itwaar kay arts council of Pakistan
Karachi mein munaqida aik roza Shah Abdul latif Bhittai conference mein
muqarrarin nay kiya.
Conference ka ehtemam Shah Abdul latif Bhittai Chair jamia Karachi mahakamae Saqafat
hakumate Sindh aur ars council of Paksitan nay mushtarka taur par kiya tha.vice
chancellor jamia Karachi professor Dr.pir zadah qasim raza siddiqui nay apnay
khitab mein kaha ka shah abdul latif ka kalam ko samajhnay kay liye shah sahib
say faiz yab hona lazmi hai mujhe fakhar hai kay mein shah sahib ka kalam say
faiz yab huwa hun.conference say Dr. fehmida , Naqad mahqiq Dr. anwar bilal
abro,column nigar Dr. Ayub sheikh mohtarma noor afroz, Drama nawis agha
saleem,Director shah latif chair Professor Saleem memon, Dr. Huma meer,
Professor Sahar Ansari, Bharat o Canada say aaey huway mehmaan shumaila
hemani,hero thakur aur deegar nay bhi khitaab kiya.
Muqarareen nay kaha kah Shakespear ki tarha Shah Abdul latif ka maqam bhi shairee o adab mein apni
misaal aap hai sindh shah latif aur shah latif sindh hai aap ki fikar mein
pukhtagi aur gehraee moujud hai un kay haan mushahiday ki wusat iazhar ki pukhtagi lazmi milti hai is moqeh
par nizamat kay faraiz anjam daitay huway Professor saleem memon nay kaha
sindhi adeeb apni zameen par rehnay walon ka masael paish karta hai.
Hadrat Sayyid Shah Abd al-Latif Bhittai
Alaihir raHmah wa ar-Ridwan
Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai (1689–1752) (Sindhi: شاھ
عبدالطيف ڀٽائيِ, Urdu: شاہ عبداللطیف بھٹائی) was a Sufi scholar, and is
considered one of the greatest poets of the Sindhi language. Shah Abdul
Latif Bhittai was born in 1689 in Hala Haveli's village Sui-Qandar
located near Hyderabad, Pakistan. Shah Abdul Latif was son of Syed
Habibullah and grandson of Syed Abdul Quddus Shah. He settled in the
town of Bhit Shah in Matiari, Pakistan where his shrine is located. His
most famous written work is the Shah Jo Risalo, which is a master-piece
of Sindhi Literature as well. The major themes of his poetry include
Unity of Almighty, love for Prophet, Religious tolerance and humanistic
values. For his works, he is regarded as a 'Direct Emanations of Rūmī's spirituality in the Indian world.'
Names of Bhittai Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai is known by several honorific names - Lakhino Latif, Latif Ghot, Bhittai and Bhitt Jo Shah. Shah Abdul latif's deepness of poetry affiliated with the relationship between the Almighty and human is cause of his visits at different places of the regions surrounded to him and he always feel the circumstances carried out in his premises and he feels the people mind he had such a calm and sharp mind and such things made him the greatest poet of the world, if one could seriously understand his preaching.
The Early Life
Most of the information that has come down to us has been collected from oral traditions. A renowned Pakistani scholar, educationist, and a foremost writer of plays, dramas and stories, Mirza Kalich Beg has rendered a yeoman service to Sindhi literature by collecting details about the early life of Shah Bhitai, from the dialogues that he has constantly held with some of the old folks, still living at that time, who knew these facts from their fathers and grandfathers for they had seen Shah Latif in person and had even spoken to him. "The next day I sat down, and listened to the Story of the 'Vairagis.' Their salmon-coloured clothes were covered with dust. Their hair-bands were worn out. They had let their hair grow quite long. The lonely ones never talk to anyone about their being. These 'Nanga' are content and happy. They move about unmarked amongst the common folk." ........Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai He was born around 1689 CE (1102 A.H.) to Shah Habib in the village Sui-Qandar a few miles to the east of the present town of Bhit Shah (named after him), on Safar 14, 1102 A.H. ie November 18, 1690 CE. He died at Bhit Shah on Safar 14, 1165 A.H., i.e. January 3, 1752 CE. In his memory, every year, on 14th Safar of the Hijri Calendar, an Urs is held at Bhit Shah, where he spent the last years of his life and where his elaborate and elegant mausoleum stands. Shah Abdul Latif got his early education in the school (maktab) of Akhund Noor Muhammad in basic Persian (the government language at that time) and Sindhi (local spoken language). He also learned the Qu'ran. His correspondence in Persian with contemporary scholar Makhdoom Moinuddin Thattavi, as contained in the Risala-e-Owaisi, bears witness to his scholastic competence. "Beloved's separation kills me friends, At His door, many like me, their knees bend. From far and near is heard His beauty's praise, My Beloved's beauty is perfection itself." .....Bhitai
Bhitai's Ancestry
Shah Abdul Latif's lineage has been traced back directly to the Beloved Prophet Muhammad Sallallaho Alaihi wa Sallam, through Imam Zain-ul-Abideen Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anho, son of Imam Hussain Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anho. His ancestors had come from Herat in Central Asia, and settled at Matiari. Shah Abdul Karim 1600 CE, whose mausoleum stands at Bulri, about 40 miles from Hyderabad, a mystic Sufi poet of considerable repute, was his great, great grandfather. His verses are extant and his anniversary is still held at Bulri, in the form of an Urs. His father Syed Habib Shah, lived in Hala Haveli, a small village, at a distance of about forty miles from Matiari and not far from the village of Bhitshah. Later he left this place and moved to Kotri, where Shah Latif spent some part of his adolescent life. Education Young Shah Abdul Latif was raised during the golden age of sindhi culture. His first teacher was Noor Muhammad Bhatti Waiwal. Mostly, Shah Latif was self-educated. Although he has received scanty formal education, the Risalo gives us an ample proof of the fact that he was well-versed in Arabic and Persian. The Qur'an, the Hadiths, the Masnawi of Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi, along with the collection of Shah Karim's poems, were his constant companions, copious references of which have been made in Shah Jo Risalo. In his poems he writes about Sindh and its neighbouring regions, he mentions distant cities such as Istanbul and Samarqand, he also writes about Sindhi sailors their navigation techniques voyages as far to the Malabar coast, Sri Lanka and the island of Java. Appearance and Characteristics In appearance, Bhitai was a handsome man, of average height. He was strongly built, had black eyes and an intelligent face, with a broad and high forehead. He grew a Sunnah beard. He had a serious and thoughtful look about himself and spent much time in contemplation and meditation, since he was concerned about his moral and spiritual evolution with the sole purpose of seeking proximity of the Divine. He would often seek solitude and contemplate on the burning questions running through his mind concerning man's spiritual life: Why was man created? What is his purpose on this earth? What is his relationship with his Creator? What is his ultimate destiny? Although he was born in favoured conditions, being the son of a well-known and very much respected Sayed family, he never used his position in an unworthy manner, nor did he show any liking for the comforts of life. He was kind, compassionate, generous and gentle in his manner of speech and behaviour which won him the veneration of all those who came across him. He had great respect for woman, and he exercised immense reserve in dealing with them, in an age when these qualities were rare. He hated cruelty and could never cause physical pain to any man or even to an animal. He lived a very simple life of self-restraint. His food intake was simple and frugal, so was his dressing which was often deep yellow, the colour of the dress of sufis and ascetics, stitched with black thread. To this day, his relics are preserved at Bhitsah (where his mausoleum stands), some of which include a "T"-shaped walking stick, two bowls, one made of sandal-wood and another of transparent stone, which he used for eating and drinking. His long cap and his black turban are also preserved. "Cloud was commanded to prepare for rain, Rain pattered and poured, lightning flared. Grain hoarders, hoping for high prices, wring their hands, Five would become fifteen in their pages they had planned. From the land may perish all the profiteers, Herdsmen once again talk of abundant showers, Latif says have hope in Allah's blessed grace." ......Bhitai
Quest for Religious Truths
In quest of religious truths, Shah Bhitai travelled to many parts of Sindh and also went to the bordering lands. He kept himself aloof from the political scene of favouritism and intrigues which was going on at the height of the power and rule of Kalhoras in Sindh. Instead of visiting towns and cities, in political canvassing, to serve the purpose of the rulers and elite of the land, though he was much respected by the members of the dynasty and could have benefited from it, he went to hills, valleys, the banks of river, and the fields, where he met the ordinary simple people, the sufis (mystics). He went to the Ganjo Hills in the south of Hyderabad for contemplation, and then to mountains in Las Bela in the south of Sindh and Balochistan. For three years, he travelled with these sufis in search of the truth, peace, and harmony, to Hinglay, Lakhpat, Nani at the foot of the Himalayas and to Sappar Sakhi. At several places in the Risalo, mention has been made of these sufis and of his visits to these wonderful, holy and peaceful places. The two surs, Ramkali and Khahori, describe them under various endearing names and a detailed account of the sufis' lifestyle is given. He also travelled to such far away places as Junagardh, Jesalmere and parts of the Thar desert. "In deserts, wastes and Jessalmir it has rained, Clouds and lightning have come to Thar's plains; Lone, needy women are now free from care, Fragrant are the paths, happy herdsmen's wives all this share." ..........Bhitai Piety and Asceticism By the time he was a young man of twenty one years, he began to be known for his piety, his ascetic habits and his absorption in prayers. Observation and contemplation were chief traits of his character. A number of people flocked round him adding to the already large number of his disciples. This aroused jealousy of some powerful, ruthless, tyrannical persons - landlords, Pirs, Mirs, and Rulers - who became his enemies for some time. Later, seeing his personal worth, and the peaceful and ascetic nature of his fame, abandoned their rivalry. At this time he was living with his father at Kotri, five miles away from the present site of Bhitshah. It was here that his marriage was solemnised in 1713 CE with Bibi Sayedah Begum, daughter of Mirza Mughul Beg. She was a very virtuous and pious lady, who was a proper companion for him. The disciples had great respect for her. They had no children. In the true ascetic spirit, Shah Latif was now in search of a place where in solitude, he could devote all his time in prayers and meditation. Such a place he found near Lake Karar, a mere sand hill, but an exotic place of scenic beauty, four miles away from New Hala. This place was covered by thorny bushes surrounded by many pools of water. It was simply and aptly called 'Bhit' (the Sand Hill). On the heaps of its sandstones he decide to settle down and build a village. As it was sandy, he along with his disciples dug out the hard earth from a distance and covered the sand with it to make the ground firm. After months of hard labour, carrying the earth on their heads and shoulders, the place was now fit enough for the construction of an underground room and two other rooms over it, along with a room for his old parents. A mosque was also built and the houses of his disciples properly marked out. In 1742, whilst he was still busy setting up a new village, Bhit, he got the sad news of the death of his dear father.. Soon after this Shah Latif shifted all his family members from Kotri to Bhitsah, as the village now began to be called. His father was buried there, in accordance to his will, where his mausoleum stands only eight paces away, from that of Shah Abdul Latif, towards its north. The Seven Queens of Sindh The women of Shah Abdul Latif’s poetry are known as the Seven Queens, heroines of Sindhi folklore who have been given the status of royalty in the Shah Jo Risalo. The Seven Queens were celebrated throughout Sindh for their positive qualities: their honesty, integrity, piety and loyalty. They were also valued for their bravery and their willingness to risk their lives in the name of love. Perhaps what Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai saw in his tales of these women was an idealised view of womanhood, but the truth remains that the Seven Queens inspired women all over Sindh to have the courage to choose love and freedom over tyranny and oppression. The lines from the Risalo describing their trials are sung at Sufi shrines all over Sindh, and especially at the urs of Shah Abdul Latif every year at Bhit Shah. The Seven Queens mentioned in the Shah Jo Risalo are:
For the last eight years of his remarkable life, Shah Latif lived at Bhitshah. A few days before his death, he retired to his underground room and spent all his time in prayers and fasting, eating very little. Laggi Laggi wa'a-u wiarra angrra latji, Pa-i kharren pasah-a pasand-a karrend-i pirin-a jay. Wind blew! The sand enveloped the body, Whatever little life left, is to see the beloved. After 21 days in there, he came out and having bathed himself with a large quantity of water, covered himself with a white sheet. He suffered from no sickness or pain of any kind. The date was 14th Safar 1165 Hijra corresponding to 1752 CE. He was buried at the place where his mausoleum now stands, which was built by the ruler of Sindh, Ghulam Shah Kalhoro. His name literally means 'the servant of the Shah'. He, along with his mother, had adored and revered Shah Latif and were his devoted disciples. The work of the construction of the mausoleum was entrusted to the well-known mason, Idan from Sukkur. The mausoleum, as well as the mosque adjoining it, were later repaired and renovated by another ruler of Sindh, Mir Nasir Khan Talpur. Korren kan-i salam-u achio a'atand-a unn-a jay. Countless pay homage and sing peace at his abode. "Tell me the stories, oh thorn-brush, Of the mighty merchants of the Indus, Of the nights and the days of the prosperous times, Are you in pain now, oh thorn-brush? Because they have departed: In protest, cease to flower. Oh thorn-brush, how old were you When the river was in full flood? Have you seen any way-farmers who could be a match of the Banjaras? True, the river has gone dry, And worthless plants have begun to flourish on the brink, The elite merchants are on decline, And the tax collectors have disappeared, The river is littered with mud And the banks grow only straws The river has lost its old strength, You big fish, you did not return When the water had its flow Now it's too late, You will soon be caught For fishermen have blocked up all the ways. The white flake on the water: Its days are on the wane." ......Bhitai [translated by Prof. D. H. Butani [1913-1989] in The Melody and Philosophy of Shah Latif The Urs Sharif The URS is a Grand event in Sindh, where people from almost every village and town of Sindh and from different cities of other provinces of Pakistan - rich and poor, young and old, scholars and peasants - make a determined effort to attend. The Urs commences every year from 14th Safar (2nd month of Hijra calendar) and lasts for three days. A literary gathering is also held where papers concerning the research work done on the life, poetry, and message of Bhitai, are read, by scholars and renowned literary figures. His disciples and ascetics, gather around and read passages from his Risalo. Scholarly debates and exhibitions of his work and traditional Sindhi artifacts are also organized. "Sleeping on the river's bank, I heard of Mehar's glory, Bells aroused my consciousness, longing took its place, By Almighty! fragrance of Mehar's love to me came, Let me go and see Mehar face to face." .....Bhitai |
Sunday 29 December 2013
Roza Ki Fazilat In Urdu
Roza Ki Fazilat In Urdu || Roze ki Ahmiyat in Urdu
Read More
Fasting (Roza)
Fasting (Roza) means to give up once
desires, food and drink from dawn to sun set. Fasting (Roza) is also
called Saum in Arabic. It is the third pillar of Islam and compulsory
for all Muslims. It is in the month of Ramdan when our glorious Quran
started to be revealed . If we take alook for fasting (roza) before
Islam the fasts are very long and tough. People are not allowed to talk
to each others and not allowed to answer anyones questions. In fasting
every one should do-good works such as praying regularly, ricet Quran ,
always speak truth and always try not to harm other people, and make
sure that always follow Allah’s orders in this page you will read a
article Fastin in Urdu( Roza) .
Fasting In Urdu (Roza)
Ramzan ul Mubarak who mahe mukadas hai.
Jis mein Allha taala ne apne akhari rasol Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) par
apne akhri katab Quran majid nazil farmai. Ye ahal e zamin ke leye Allha
talla ki ata karda aik bohat bari nemat hai jis par wo sari zindagi bhi
Allha ke hozor sajada e shukar ada karyein to bhi is nemat ka haq ada
nahi kar sakte. Is pak kitab ko pak perwardigar ne apne akhiri tajdar
sarwar e alam (S.A.W) ke qalab e athar par nazil farmaya jo ap(S.A.W) ki
zaban e mubarak se Umat e Muslima tak phoncha aur hidayat o rhenumai ka
sabab bana. Ye Quran e hakim hi ka ijaz hai ke is ne pori duniya mein
tohid ka inqilab barpa kar deya. Quran e hakeem ki azmat ka andaza is
baat se lagaya jasakta hai ke Allah Rab ul Izaat ne is ba barkat mahine
mein ahel e iman ko roza rakhne ka hukum farmaya, warna ye hukum kisi
aur mahine ke leye bhi deya ja sakta tha. Lekin ramzan karim mein ye
hikum de kar is maha e azeem ki azmat Ka Allah Rab ul Izzat ne is ba
barkat mahine mein ahle iman ko roza rakhne ka hukum farmaya , warna ye
hukum kisi aur mahine ke leye bhi to deya ja sakta tha. Lekin Ramdan
karim mein ye hukum de kar is mahe azim ki azmat bhi waze ki aur ahle
iman ko ye bhi bata deya ke ye jashan e nazol e Quran ka mahina hai.
Isi leye ahle iman ko mazid pak aur saaf karne ke leye inhein isi mahine
ke shaya nishan mutaqi banae ke leye roza rakhne ka hukum farmaya.
Arshad e rabani ha “ ae iman walon ! tum par roze farz kiya gaye jase
tum se phele walo par faraz kiya gaye the. Ta ke tum parhezgar ban
sako.”
Taqwa Kiya Hai?
Taqwa har woh acha, bhala aur naik kaam
ha jo insaniyat ki bhalayi ke liye bhi acha aur mufeed ho aur jis se aam
insanon ka bhala ho, inhein rehnumai mile aur in ke leye bhtar aur pak
zindagi guzarna asan ho. Taqwa ka koi pemana nahi ha aur na asi koi
baat ha ke mutaqi bana bohat mushkil ho. Har shaks mutaqi ban sakta ha
,taqwa hasil kar sakta ha , bas is ke leye shart ye hai ke woh har aala
se aala aur adna se adan kaam mein bhi shariyat par amal kare aur
sharai usolon ki pasdari karye , is ka ihteram karye. Har kaam is
tarike se injam de jis tarha se Allah Ta,ala aur us ke Rasol (S.A.W) ne
hukum diya hai.Ye hi shariyat hai.
Ramzan Ke Roze Ki Ahmiyat In Urdu
Ramzan ul Mubarak ke pore mahine mein
roze rakhne ka waze hukum deya gaya ha aur sath hi ye bhi kaha gaya ha
ke agar safar mein hon to degar dinon mein in ka shumar pora kare aur
agar bemar ho tab bhi in rozon ki mafi nahiha, in ki ginti bhearhal pori
karni ha. Phair ye bhi irshad farmaya gaya ha ke :” Agar tum samjho to
isi mein tumhari bhalai ha.”
Yaha Allah taala ne kitni aham baat khe
dali jis se aik taraf to roze ki ahmeyat ka andaza ho raha ha aur dosri
taraf ye bhi malum ho raha ha ke is se Allah ki raza bhi mil sakti ha.
Yani roze rakh kar insan dohra faida utha sakta ha. Aik taraf wo kuda ko
razi kar sakta ha aur dosri taraf akhirat meinbare inamat ka mustahik
ban sakat ha. Malum hoa ke roza rakh kar insan apna bhala ziyada karta
ha. Ye theek ha ke pore mazhabi ahtiram ke sath rakha gaya roza Allah ki
bargah mein qabol ho ga aur Allah ki khushi ka sabab bane ga., lekin
agar koi insan assa nahi karta aurroza nahi rakhta to wo apna hai nuksan
karta ha. Agar kise ne bila azar sharai roza chora ke bad meinkise
waqat ya ache musam mein rakh le ga to degar dinon ke rozeis ka badal
harkiz nahi hosakte. Jab ke ramzan ke aik faraz rpze ke badle 60 rpze
rakhne ka hukum ha, tb bhi ramzan ki saadat hasil nahi ho sake gi.
Ramzan ul Mubarak chun ke Quran ke nuzol
ka mahina ha is leye Allah rab ul izat ne ye hukum bhi farmya ke ramzan
mein apni raaton ko ntilawat e Quran aur kitab e mubin ki samaton se
sajao. Alhamdolilha hafiz akram ramzan ul Mubarak ki saadat raaton mein
tarahwi ki surat mein Quran e hakim ki tilawat farmate han aur degar
farzandane tohaid in ki samaat karne ki fazilat hasil karte han. Umat e
muslima par Allah rab ul izat ka kitna fazal aur kitna ahsan ha ke us
ne hume wo roze ata farmaye jin mein rahat bhi ha aur asani bhi. Roza
siraf mukarra uqat mein hi ha. Tuloye fajar se phele hum sabhi achi
tarhan kha pi lete han/Is ke bad siraf gorobe aftab tak hi khane pene ye
in umoor se ruke rahte han jo Allah taala ne roze ki halat mein mana
farmaye han. Is ke bad jab roza khol jata ha to pjair sab kuch khane
pana ki ijazat ha aurin umoor ko anjam dene ki ijazat mil jati ha
jinhein roze ki halat mein karne se mana kia gaya tha.
Lekin agar hum tulo e islam se phle ke
rozon par nazar dalen to us zamane ke roze bhoat lambe hote the aur
halat e roze mein mutadi kaam mana hate the. Misal ke tor par baz umaton
mein halate roza mein logon se milne june ki mumaniyat thi. Wo aik
dosre se baat cheet tak nahi karsakte the, bol nahi sakye the , kise ke
sawal ka jawab nhi desakte the. Is ke aik misal Hazrat e Issa (A.S) ki
ha, jab bibi Maryam Allah ke hukum se apni god mein nomulod le kar ayein
to degar logon ne bare tajasos aur heart ke alam mein inhein dekha. Wo
sab jante the ke bibi Maryam kawari han aur inhein kabi kise marad ne
nahi chowo ha, is leye wo heran the ke is suart mein ye bacha kahan e
agaya? Chunacha un sab hi ne bibi Maryam se is bache ke bare mein
sawalon ki barmar kar di. Is muqe par bibi Maryam ne apne mun par ungli
rakh karinhein ishare se ye bataya ke:” main roze se hun is leye bol
nahi sakta,” Lekin jab logon ke sawal bharte chale gaye to bibi Maryam
ne aik bar phair ishare se kaha ke jo kuch pochna ha, is bache se poch
lo. Is par wo sab hasne lage ke bhala itna chota bacha bhi bol sakta ha.
Lekin is muke par Allah taala ne apne nabi aur in ki walda majda ki
madad ki aur Allah ke hukum se nomulod ne kaha :” main Allah ka nbi hun
aur is ki kitab lekar aya hun.”
Mazkorah bala waqiye se malom hoa ke us
zamane ke rozon ki halat mein bolna ya zaban se kuch bhi khena mana
tha. Goya umat e muslima se phele wali umaton ke roze bohat sakhat the.
7,7 aur 8,8 din ke musalsal roze hoye the, darmiyan mein na kuch kha
sakte the ,na kuch pi sakte the, na kise se baat cheet kar sakte the
,aur na koi kaam karskte the. Jab is roze ki mudat mukamal ho jati thi
tab hi kha pi sakte the aur degar umoor anjam dete the. Jab ke aj ke
roze bohat asan han. Subha se raat tak hi ki topabandi ha. Subha se
phele sahari kar li, Is mein bhi baz log bohat daat kar khte han ji ki
wajha se din mein bhook lagti hi nahi. Ye tarika bhi ghalat ha . Sahari
mein siraf itna hi khana chiye ke sunat pori ho jaye aur rasol karim
(S.A.W) ke hukum ki tamil ho jaye. Bharahal aj ke rozon mein bohtat
saholat di gai ha. Roze ki halat mein roze dar baat cheet bhi kar sakta
ha , kaam kaj aur karobar bhi kar sakat ha, degar duniyawi umoor bhi
anjam de sakata ha, albita ye zaroriha ke roze dar halat e roza mein na
ghoot bole aur na kisi ki borai karay. Apni zaban ko har tarha ki
alodgi se pak rakhe, kise se koi ghalat baat na kahe, larayi jhaghra na
kare, aur koi is se ulhajne ki koshsh karye to ye khe kar kenara kar le
ke :” bhai main roze se hun.”Roze ki halat mein insan ko siraf ache
kaam karne chiyein, namazon ki pabandi kare, Quran hakeem ki tilawat bhi
kare aur samaat bhi. Sach bole jhoot se dor rahe. Boron ka adab kare,
Allah aur us ke rasol ke ahkamat ki pabandi kare aur khud ko pore saal
mutaqi banae ki tarbiyat hasil kare.
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Friday 27 December 2013
Complete History of Hazrat Umar Farooq R.A In English
Complete History of Hazrat Umar Farooq R.A In English
Introduction
Hazrat Umar (R.A) belonged to the Adi family of Quraish tribe. In the 8th generation, his lineage joins with Rasulallah (s.a.w).
He was born in 583 A.C., about forty years before the great Hijrah. The early life of Hazrat Umar is not known in detail. In his youth he was a famous wrestler and orator, and a spirited person. He was one among the few people in Makkah who knew how to read and write. His main occupation was business.
When the Rasulallah (s.a.w) recieved the revelation and invited people to Islam, Hazrat Umar initially became the sworn enemy of Islam and Rasulallah (s.a.w), and did not hesitate to harm the Muslims at every opportunity.Hazrat Umar's acceptance of Islam
It was the sixth year of Rasulallah (s.a.w)'s mission when the leaders of Quraish called a meeting and asked for volunteers for the assassination of Rasulallah (s.a.w). Hazrat Umar offered himself for this job and everybody in the meeting exclaimed that he was the right person for it.While he was on his way, with a sword in his hand, he met Hazrat Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas who enquired of him about where he was going. Hazrat Umar told him that he was going to murder Rasulallah (s.a.w). After some discussion Hazrat Sa'd said, "You had better take care of your own family first. Your sister and brother-in-law both have accepted Islam".
Hearing this, Hazrat Umar changed his direction and went straight to his sister's house. When Hazrat Umar knocked at the door, they were being taught the Holy Qur'anby Hazrat Khabbab (R.A). His sister Fatima was frightened on hearing Hazrat Umar’s voice and tried to hide the portion of the Holy Qur'an she was reciting. When Hazrat Umar entered the house he enquired about their Islam and on finding that they had accepted Islam, he first fell upon his brother-in-law and beat him severely. When his sister intervened he smote her so violently on her face that it bled profusely. On this his sister burst out: "Do whatever you like, we are determined to die as Muslims".
When Hazrat Umar saw his sister bleeding, he cooled down and felt ashamed. He loved Fatima very much but could not tolerate her conversion to Islam. However, deeply moved, Hazrat Umar asked her to show the pages on which the Holy Qur'an was written. But she was, after all, Hazrat Umar’s sister and told him straight, "You can not touch it unless you take a bath and make yourself clean".
He then took a bath and read the scripts. It was the beginning of Surah Ta Ha (Chapter 20 of the Holy Qur'an). Finally he came to the verse:
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Introduction
Hazrat Umar (R.A) belonged to the Adi family of Quraish tribe. In the 8th generation, his lineage joins with Rasulallah (s.a.w).
He was born in 583 A.C., about forty years before the great Hijrah. The early life of Hazrat Umar is not known in detail. In his youth he was a famous wrestler and orator, and a spirited person. He was one among the few people in Makkah who knew how to read and write. His main occupation was business.
When the Rasulallah (s.a.w) recieved the revelation and invited people to Islam, Hazrat Umar initially became the sworn enemy of Islam and Rasulallah (s.a.w), and did not hesitate to harm the Muslims at every opportunity.Hazrat Umar's acceptance of Islam
It was the sixth year of Rasulallah (s.a.w)'s mission when the leaders of Quraish called a meeting and asked for volunteers for the assassination of Rasulallah (s.a.w). Hazrat Umar offered himself for this job and everybody in the meeting exclaimed that he was the right person for it.While he was on his way, with a sword in his hand, he met Hazrat Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas who enquired of him about where he was going. Hazrat Umar told him that he was going to murder Rasulallah (s.a.w). After some discussion Hazrat Sa'd said, "You had better take care of your own family first. Your sister and brother-in-law both have accepted Islam".
Hearing this, Hazrat Umar changed his direction and went straight to his sister's house. When Hazrat Umar knocked at the door, they were being taught the Holy Qur'anby Hazrat Khabbab (R.A). His sister Fatima was frightened on hearing Hazrat Umar’s voice and tried to hide the portion of the Holy Qur'an she was reciting. When Hazrat Umar entered the house he enquired about their Islam and on finding that they had accepted Islam, he first fell upon his brother-in-law and beat him severely. When his sister intervened he smote her so violently on her face that it bled profusely. On this his sister burst out: "Do whatever you like, we are determined to die as Muslims".
When Hazrat Umar saw his sister bleeding, he cooled down and felt ashamed. He loved Fatima very much but could not tolerate her conversion to Islam. However, deeply moved, Hazrat Umar asked her to show the pages on which the Holy Qur'an was written. But she was, after all, Hazrat Umar’s sister and told him straight, "You can not touch it unless you take a bath and make yourself clean".
He then took a bath and read the scripts. It was the beginning of Surah Ta Ha (Chapter 20 of the Holy Qur'an). Finally he came to the verse:
"Lo! I even I, am Allah, there is no god save Me. So serve Me and establish Salat for My remembrance."(Holy Quran - 20:14)
At this, Hazrat Umar exclaimed, "Surely this is the Word of Allah. Take me to Muhammad (s.a.w)".
On hearing this Hazrat Khabbab (R.A), who had hidden himself in the house, came out from inside and said, "O Umar! Glad tidings for you. It seems that the prayer of the Rasulallah (s.a.w) which he said last night has been answered in your favour. He prayed to Allah: "O Allah, strengthen Islam with either Umar b. Khattab or Umar b. Hisham, whomsoever Thou pleaseth".
Hazrat Umar then went to Rasulallah (s.a.w). On seeing him, Rasulallah (s.a.w) asked him, "Umar! what brings you here”? He said, "I am here to accept Islam".
Hearing this the Muslims shouted with joy, "Allahu Akbar! (Allah is the Greatest)" and the sound echoed though the air of Makkah.
As a matter of fact, Umar’s conversion to Islam was a terrible blow to the morale of the disbelieves. Hazrat Abdullah bin Mas'ud, a great Companion, says, "Hazrat Umar's conversion to Islam was a great triumph, his emigration to Madinah a tremendous reinforcement and his accession to Caliphate a great blessing for the Muslims".Hazrat Umar gets the title of Al-Farooq
The conversion of Hazrat Umar (R.A) strengthened Islam.
Before this, Muslims had lived in constant fear of the disbelievers, and most of them were concealing their faith. The Muslims were now able to offer their Salat publicly. When Hazrat Umar (R.A) became a Muslim, he declared his faith openly before the Quraish chiefs. Though they stared at him, they could not do any harm to him. Then once he had been granted permission from Rasulallah (s.a.w), he led a party of the Muslims to the Kabah to offer Salat. Hazrat Hamza, who had accepted Islam a few days before Hazrat Umar (R.A), carried another party of the Muslims to Kabah.When all the Muslims gathered in the Kabah, they offered their Salat in congregation. Rasulallah (s.a.w) led this, and it was the first public Salat in the history of Islam. For this courageous and bold action of Hazrat Umar (R.A), Rasulallah (s.a.w) gave him the title of al-Farooq i.e., the one who makes a distinction between the right (haqq) and the wrong (batil).
Migration to Madinah
When the Muslims were ordered to migrate to Madinah, most of them left Makkah quietly and in secret, but Hazrat Umar (R.A) declared it openly.He put on his armour and first went to the Kabah. After performing the Salat, he announced loudly: "I am migrating to Madinah. If anyone wants to check me, let him come out. I am sure that his mother would cry for his life".
There was no man in Makkah to accept the challenge of Hazrat Umar (R.A). Then he migrated to Madinah boldly.
Hazrat Umar's services to Islam
Hazrat Umar (R.A) had great love for Allah and Rasulallah (s.a.w). He participated in almost all the big battles: Badr, Uhud, Ahzab, Khaibar, Hunain etc. In the expedition of Tabuk, he gave half of his wealth in the path of Allah.
He was next to Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) in the sacrifice of his belongings for the cause of Allah.Rasulallah (s.a.w) also had a deep love for him. Once he remarked, "Were a prophet to come after me, he would have been Umar".
In another Hadith mentioned in Bukhari, Hazrat Abu Hurairah (R.A) narrated that Rasulallah (s.a.w) said, "In Bani Isra'il (Israelites), there were people who were not prophets but talked to Allah. Were anyone in my Ummah like those persons, he would be Umar".
The death of Rasulallah (s.a.w) was a great shock to him, and he could not believe it until Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) reminded him of a clear verse of the Holy Qur'an on the subject. He then went to the Council Hall along with Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) where the people of Madinah had assembled to select the First Caliph.
Hazrat Umar (R.A) was the first person to pledge loyalty (Bai'at) at the hand of Hazrat Abu Bakr(R.A), and then helped him throughout the duration of his rule.Hazrat Umar Farooq - the second Khalifa of Islam
During Hazrat Abu Bakr's illness he consulted the people about the next Khalifah, and then gave his decision in favour of Hazrat Umar (R.A) who took the charge of Khilafat after the death of Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) on 22nd of Jamadius Thani 13 A.H. (23rd August 634 AC).
Umar (R.A.) followed fully the ways of Rasulallah (s.a.w) and the policy of his predecessor, Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique, with his characteristic zeal and vigour. It was his strict adherence to the Sunnah of Rasulallah (s.a.w) which helped him to subdue the mighty empires of Persia and Byzantine.
The period of Hazrat Umar's Khilafat undoubtedly is the Golden Age of Islam in every respect.
He was a man of extraordinary genius who not only moulded the destiny of the nation but made history of his own.He followed the footsteps of Rasulallah (s.a.w) to the fullest extent. It was Hazrat Umar under whose rule Islam became an international power and the mighty empires of Persia and Byzantine crumbled before the army of Islam.
Within ten years of his glorious rule, the whole of the Persian Empire, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and a part of Turkey came under the banner of Islam and the nations entered the fold of Islam.
He was not only a conqueror but also an exemplary administrator who originated an efficient system of administration, and thus he was the real founder of political system of Islam. He enforced Divine Law (Shari'ah) as the code of a newly formed International Islamic State; he safeguarded the internal safety by introducing the police force: he gave stipends to the poor; he constructed cantonments and forts for the safety of Islamic armies; he founded new cities for the growth of Islamic culture and civilisation; he improved agriculture and economics of the Islamic State; he founded the educational system in an Islamic State; in brief he was the founder of a great Islamic State.Fall of the Persian empire
During the time of Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A), Hazrat Khalid bin Walid conquered part of the Persian Empire known as the Kingdom of Hira. Then he was ordered by Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) to join the expedition to Syria.
At the time of his departure, he appointed Muthanna bin Harith as the commander of the Islamic army. The Persians became furious at the loss of the kingdom of Hira and the Emperor sent a large army under the command of a very famous General, Rustam the Commander-in-Chief of Persian armies.
In view of the growing pressure of Persians, Muthanna requested Hazrat Umar (R.A) for reinforcement. At that time there was a large gathering of Muslims in Madinah waiting to take pledge of loyalty (Bai'at) at the hand of the new Khalifa (Hazrat Umar). He put the matter before the Muslims but did not get any response in the beginning. Then Hazrat Umar (R.A) in his sermons stressed the importance of Jihad and a large number of Muslims volunteered to help Muthanna against the Persians. Abu‘Ubaid ath-Thaqafi was appointed as the commander of the Islamic army comprising five thousand men. In the meantime Persians attacked the places conquered by Muslims and they lost some of them. In the early stage of the battles Rustam sent his subordinates to face Muslims.It is reported from Hazrat Ibn Umar (R.A) that Hazrat Umar (R.A) dispatched an army to Persia, making a man called Sariyya (R.A) the leader of it. It is said that one day Hazrat Umar (R.A) was delivering the Friday sermon in Madinah. In it he said loudly "Ya Sariyya al-jabal!" which means "O Sariyya, [towards] the mountain!", and then resumed the sermon.
After a month a courier came from the army bearing of good news. He said, "The people of the army heard Hazrat Umar (R.A)'s voice on that day. We all went towards the mountain and Allah made us victorious."
The severe famine and plague
In the year 17-18 A.H, Hijaz and Syria were faced by severe famine and drought. Hazrat Umar (R.A) took steps to get food supplies from Egypt, part of which had been conquered by Hazrat Amr bin al-'As (R.A). He sent three big ships of grains to Madinah which were unloaded in the presence of Hadzrat Umar (R.A). He himself distributed the grains among the needy.
Hazrat Umar (R.A) did not take any delicacy (butter etc.) during the famine period. When he was requested to take care of his health, he said, "If I don't taste suffering, how can I know the sufferings of others?"
When the famine became intolerable, he prayed to Allah in a big gathering of Muslims. It has been narrated that the prayers had not even finished when rains started to pour down.
About the same time, plague spread in most parts of Iraq, Syria and Egypt and it caused great havoc not only to civilians but also to the Muslim armies. After the plague, Hazrat Umar went to Syria to inspect the losses caused by the plague. Three important figures, Hazrat Abu Ubaidah, Mu'adh bin Jabal and Yazid bin Abu Sufyan (R.A) had passed away. He appointed Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan as the Governor of Damascus in place of his brother Yazid bin Abi Sufyan.Martyrdom of Hazrat Farooq-e-Azam (R.A)
In 23 A.H., when Hazrat Umar returned to Madinah from Hajj, he raised his hands and prayed:
"O God! I am advanced in years, my bones are weary, my powers are declining, and the people for whom I am responsible have spread far and wide. Summon me back to Thyself, my lord!"
Some time later, when Hazrat Umar went to the mosque to lead a prayer, a Magian named Abu Lulu Feroze, who had a grudge against Hazrat Umar on a personal matter, attacked him with a dagger and stabbed him several times. Hazrat Umar reeled and fell to the ground.
When he learned that the assassin was a Magian, he said, "Thank God he is not a Muslim."
The injuries were so serious that the great Khalifa died the next morning.
Before his death, the Muslims asked him about his successor and he appointed a panel of six persons; Hadrat Uthma Zubair, Talha, Sa'd bin Waqqas and Abdur Rahman bin 'Auf (R.A) to select a Khalifah from amongst them within three days after him.
He requested Hazrat Aisha (R.A) for permission for his burial beside Rasulallah (s.a.w), just as Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique expressed the same wish. Though she had reserved that place for herself, on Umar's request she gave it to him and that is where he was buried.Character and Piety
He was extremely pious and God-fearing. His success lay in two things: fear of Allah and his love for Rasulallah (s.a.w).He never used even oil from the Baitul Mal (Public Treasury) to burn a lamp at night for his personal needs. Whenever he finished the official work he put off the lamp. He used to patrol in the city at night to find out the needs and requirements, and conditions of the people.
He did not hesitate to take his wife to work as a midwife for a poor woman. The salary he got from the Baitul Mal was so low that it was hardly enough for him and his family's needs. When some of the eminent Muslims requested him to increase the amount he said, "Rasulallah (s.a.w) has left a standard by his personal example. I must follow him".
Hadrat Umar was one of the most just rulers in Islamic History. All the citizens, including the Khalifa himself, were equal before law.
Once he appeared before a court in Madinah to clarify his position against a complaint. The Qadi (judge) wanted to stand in his honour, but he did not allow him to do so, so that there would be no distinction between him and an ordinary person before Law.
He was really the founder of the modern democratic system.
In short, he was a perfect example of an ideal character, and was the greatest Khalifah of Islam after Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A).
He selflessly devoted his whole energy for the cause of Islam and the Muslim world will always be indebted to him for his great achievements.Hazrat Umar as a Great Scholar
Before the advent of Islam there was no tradition in Arabia of reading or writing. There were only seventeen people amongst the Quraish who could read or write at the time when Rasulallah (s.a.w) started to receive Divine revelations.
Hazrat Umar was one of those seventeen persons. His writing and lectures are still found in some old books.The first address he gave as a Caliph was:
"O Allah, I am strict, make me soft. I am weak, give me power. The Arabs are like refractory camels, I will endeavour to bring them to the straight path."
He was also interested in poetry and sometimes he composed verses. Hazrat Umar (R.A) was one of the most fluent of the Quraish in language.
Arabic-knowing persons can appreciate the fluency of his writings and addresses. Many of his sayings became aphorisms of literature.
He was a great Jurist and Theologian of Islam. Because of the fear of making any mistake, he did not quote many Ahadith even though he was fully conversant with them. He never allowed a person to quote any Hadith which was not well known without producing any attestator in support of it.
If somebody quoted a Hadith before him which he had never heard, he at once asked him to bring a witness; failing which he would be punished.
He was expert in deriving laws from the Holy Qur'an and the Hadith. A full volume could be complied out of the verdicts and judgements given by Hazrat Umar (R.A). As a matter of fact he opened a new door of Ijtihad (disciplined judgement of a jurist) in the history of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence, and settled a number of disputable cases during his Khilafat.
Preaching of Islam
As the viceroy of Rasulallah (s.a.w), his foremost duty was to spread and preach Islam. As mentioned above, the aim of various battles and wars was to clear the way for the Muslims for preaching Islam.
Whenever any army had to attack a place, they had to call the inhabitants of the place to Islam. Hazrat Umar was very strict in this respect and he had given standing orders to the commanders not to start war unless they had first invited the people to Islam. If they accepted it, there was no question of war and if they did not, then the war was fought only with those who were not giving a free hand to Muslims to preach the Right Path.
No person was ever forced to forsake his own faith and accept Islam.
The method adopted to preach Islam was demonstration by actual practice. For this purpose he ordered Muslims to establish their own quarters and present the practical shape of Islam before the population. Seeing the truthful way, the inhabitants of the place were attracted towards Islam. No soldier was allowed to take any property or anything by force from the conquered people.
Because of fair treatment by the Muslims, sometimes the whole army of the enemy accepted Islam.
After the battle of Qadisiya, a battalion of four thousand Persians accepted Islam. After the victory of Jalula, the chiefs of the place entered the folds of Islam along with the inhabitants. A commander of the army of Yadzgird, named Siyah accepted Islam with his battalion during a battle in Persia. All the inhabitants of the town of Bulhat in Egypt accepted Islam at one time without the use of any force only by seeing the piety of the Muslims. A rich merchant and the chief of a place in Egypt, named Shata, accepted Islam with all the inhabitants of the place only after hearing about the character and piety of Muslims at the time when Muslims had not even reached that place.
These are a few examples to show how Islam spread because of the character of Muslims at that time.Hazrat Umar (R.A) was very strict in ensuring that no Muslims forced any non-Muslim to accept Islam. Through his advice, letters and addresses, he made it clear to all the Muslims that they had to adhere to the ways of Rasulallah (s.a.w), which was the only method to preach Islam.
Wives and children
Wives:
1. Hazrat Zainab (R.A) accepted Islam but died in Makkah. She was sister of Uthman bin Maz'un. She gave birth to Hazrat Abdullah Abdur Rahman and Hazrat Hafsah (wife of Rasulallah (s.a.w)) were the children she bore to Hazrat Umar.
2. Malkiah bint Jarwal, she did not accept Islam and was divorced in 6 A.H. according to Islamic law. She gave birth to Ubaidullah.
3. Quraibah bint Abi Ummiyah, she also did not accept Islam and was divorced in 6 A.H.
The above three marriages had taken place before Hazrat Umar (R.A.) accepted Islam. After accepting Islam he contracted marriages with the following:
4. Ummi Hakim bint-ul-Harith, she gave birth to a girl named Fatimah.
5. Jamilah bint Asim, she gave birth to a son who was named Asim. She was a Muslim but was divorced for some other reason.
6. Umm Kulthum bint Hazrat Ali (R.A). She was married in the year 17 A.H. She gave birth to Ruqayyah and Zaid.
7. Atikah (R.A)
Children:Daughters -
1. Ummul Mumineen Hazrat Hafsah (R.A) - the chaste wife of Rasulallah (s.a.w).
2. Ruqayyah - the youngest daughter of Hazrat Umar.Sons -3. Abdullah
4. Ubaidullah
5. Asim
6. Abu Shahmah
7. Abd-ur-Rahman
8. ZaidHazrat Umar - the Pioneer of Islamic democracy
Hazrat Umar (R.A) was the pioneer of modern civilisation who formed a state based upon the Islamic democratic system, the system which was incorporated in the West as late as 19th and 20th centuries.
He was the greatest democratic administrator whose example is unparalleled not only in the history of Islam but also in the history of modern civilisation. A vast part of the Middle East, Persian Empire and Byzantium, was conquered during the ten years of his Khilafat which he consolidated into a state governed by Islam i.e. laws.The constitution of Islamic Khilafat during the time of Hazrat Umar (R.A) was based entirely on the Islamic democratic system. All matters were decided after consultation with the Shura (the council of advisors).
He remarked, "It is essential for a Khalifah to consult his Shura." Once he said, "I do not desire that you may follow anything that arises from my caprice".
Hazrat Umar had clearly stated on various occasions that he should be obeyed as long as he was obeying Allah and Rasulallah (s.a.w).
Muslims and non-Muslims were treated alike. Although the Arab peninsula was declared to be purely an Islamic State, his attitude towards the non-Muslims was very tolerant. He allowed the Jews and the Christians, living in the Peninsula, to stay there if they so wished and nobody would interfere in their religious affairs. To those who desired to migrate he ensured a safe journey up to the borders. Hazrat Umar (R.A) also gave compensation for their properties and other facilities.Introduction of the Islamic calendar
For the first time in the history of Islam, Islamic calendar was introduced in the present form by Hazrat Umar (R.A).
The date of start of this calendar was fixed as the date of the Hijrah (migration) of Rasulallah (s.a.w). Thus the calendar is also known as the Hijrah Calendar.Rasulallah (s.a.w)'s praise about Hazrat Farooq-e-Azam
"If there were to be a Prophet after me, he would have been Umar."- (Tirmidhi)
"Amongst the nations before your time, there have been inspired people (who were not Prophets), and if there is one amongst my Ummah, he is Umar
On hearing this Hazrat Khabbab (R.A), who had hidden himself in the house, came out from inside and said, "O Umar! Glad tidings for you. It seems that the prayer of the Rasulallah (s.a.w) which he said last night has been answered in your favour. He prayed to Allah: "O Allah, strengthen Islam with either Umar b. Khattab or Umar b. Hisham, whomsoever Thou pleaseth".
Hazrat Umar then went to Rasulallah (s.a.w). On seeing him, Rasulallah (s.a.w) asked him, "Umar! what brings you here”? He said, "I am here to accept Islam".
Hearing this the Muslims shouted with joy, "Allahu Akbar! (Allah is the Greatest)" and the sound echoed though the air of Makkah.
As a matter of fact, Umar’s conversion to Islam was a terrible blow to the morale of the disbelieves. Hazrat Abdullah bin Mas'ud, a great Companion, says, "Hazrat Umar's conversion to Islam was a great triumph, his emigration to Madinah a tremendous reinforcement and his accession to Caliphate a great blessing for the Muslims".Hazrat Umar gets the title of Al-Farooq
The conversion of Hazrat Umar (R.A) strengthened Islam.
Before this, Muslims had lived in constant fear of the disbelievers, and most of them were concealing their faith. The Muslims were now able to offer their Salat publicly. When Hazrat Umar (R.A) became a Muslim, he declared his faith openly before the Quraish chiefs. Though they stared at him, they could not do any harm to him. Then once he had been granted permission from Rasulallah (s.a.w), he led a party of the Muslims to the Kabah to offer Salat. Hazrat Hamza, who had accepted Islam a few days before Hazrat Umar (R.A), carried another party of the Muslims to Kabah.When all the Muslims gathered in the Kabah, they offered their Salat in congregation. Rasulallah (s.a.w) led this, and it was the first public Salat in the history of Islam. For this courageous and bold action of Hazrat Umar (R.A), Rasulallah (s.a.w) gave him the title of al-Farooq i.e., the one who makes a distinction between the right (haqq) and the wrong (batil).
Migration to Madinah
When the Muslims were ordered to migrate to Madinah, most of them left Makkah quietly and in secret, but Hazrat Umar (R.A) declared it openly.He put on his armour and first went to the Kabah. After performing the Salat, he announced loudly: "I am migrating to Madinah. If anyone wants to check me, let him come out. I am sure that his mother would cry for his life".
There was no man in Makkah to accept the challenge of Hazrat Umar (R.A). Then he migrated to Madinah boldly.
Hazrat Umar's services to Islam
Hazrat Umar (R.A) had great love for Allah and Rasulallah (s.a.w). He participated in almost all the big battles: Badr, Uhud, Ahzab, Khaibar, Hunain etc. In the expedition of Tabuk, he gave half of his wealth in the path of Allah.
He was next to Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) in the sacrifice of his belongings for the cause of Allah.Rasulallah (s.a.w) also had a deep love for him. Once he remarked, "Were a prophet to come after me, he would have been Umar".
In another Hadith mentioned in Bukhari, Hazrat Abu Hurairah (R.A) narrated that Rasulallah (s.a.w) said, "In Bani Isra'il (Israelites), there were people who were not prophets but talked to Allah. Were anyone in my Ummah like those persons, he would be Umar".
The death of Rasulallah (s.a.w) was a great shock to him, and he could not believe it until Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) reminded him of a clear verse of the Holy Qur'an on the subject. He then went to the Council Hall along with Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) where the people of Madinah had assembled to select the First Caliph.
Hazrat Umar (R.A) was the first person to pledge loyalty (Bai'at) at the hand of Hazrat Abu Bakr(R.A), and then helped him throughout the duration of his rule.Hazrat Umar Farooq - the second Khalifa of Islam
During Hazrat Abu Bakr's illness he consulted the people about the next Khalifah, and then gave his decision in favour of Hazrat Umar (R.A) who took the charge of Khilafat after the death of Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) on 22nd of Jamadius Thani 13 A.H. (23rd August 634 AC).
Umar (R.A.) followed fully the ways of Rasulallah (s.a.w) and the policy of his predecessor, Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique, with his characteristic zeal and vigour. It was his strict adherence to the Sunnah of Rasulallah (s.a.w) which helped him to subdue the mighty empires of Persia and Byzantine.
The period of Hazrat Umar's Khilafat undoubtedly is the Golden Age of Islam in every respect.
He was a man of extraordinary genius who not only moulded the destiny of the nation but made history of his own.He followed the footsteps of Rasulallah (s.a.w) to the fullest extent. It was Hazrat Umar under whose rule Islam became an international power and the mighty empires of Persia and Byzantine crumbled before the army of Islam.
Within ten years of his glorious rule, the whole of the Persian Empire, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and a part of Turkey came under the banner of Islam and the nations entered the fold of Islam.
He was not only a conqueror but also an exemplary administrator who originated an efficient system of administration, and thus he was the real founder of political system of Islam. He enforced Divine Law (Shari'ah) as the code of a newly formed International Islamic State; he safeguarded the internal safety by introducing the police force: he gave stipends to the poor; he constructed cantonments and forts for the safety of Islamic armies; he founded new cities for the growth of Islamic culture and civilisation; he improved agriculture and economics of the Islamic State; he founded the educational system in an Islamic State; in brief he was the founder of a great Islamic State.Fall of the Persian empire
During the time of Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A), Hazrat Khalid bin Walid conquered part of the Persian Empire known as the Kingdom of Hira. Then he was ordered by Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) to join the expedition to Syria.
At the time of his departure, he appointed Muthanna bin Harith as the commander of the Islamic army. The Persians became furious at the loss of the kingdom of Hira and the Emperor sent a large army under the command of a very famous General, Rustam the Commander-in-Chief of Persian armies.
In view of the growing pressure of Persians, Muthanna requested Hazrat Umar (R.A) for reinforcement. At that time there was a large gathering of Muslims in Madinah waiting to take pledge of loyalty (Bai'at) at the hand of the new Khalifa (Hazrat Umar). He put the matter before the Muslims but did not get any response in the beginning. Then Hazrat Umar (R.A) in his sermons stressed the importance of Jihad and a large number of Muslims volunteered to help Muthanna against the Persians. Abu‘Ubaid ath-Thaqafi was appointed as the commander of the Islamic army comprising five thousand men. In the meantime Persians attacked the places conquered by Muslims and they lost some of them. In the early stage of the battles Rustam sent his subordinates to face Muslims.It is reported from Hazrat Ibn Umar (R.A) that Hazrat Umar (R.A) dispatched an army to Persia, making a man called Sariyya (R.A) the leader of it. It is said that one day Hazrat Umar (R.A) was delivering the Friday sermon in Madinah. In it he said loudly "Ya Sariyya al-jabal!" which means "O Sariyya, [towards] the mountain!", and then resumed the sermon.
After a month a courier came from the army bearing of good news. He said, "The people of the army heard Hazrat Umar (R.A)'s voice on that day. We all went towards the mountain and Allah made us victorious."
The severe famine and plague
In the year 17-18 A.H, Hijaz and Syria were faced by severe famine and drought. Hazrat Umar (R.A) took steps to get food supplies from Egypt, part of which had been conquered by Hazrat Amr bin al-'As (R.A). He sent three big ships of grains to Madinah which were unloaded in the presence of Hadzrat Umar (R.A). He himself distributed the grains among the needy.
Hazrat Umar (R.A) did not take any delicacy (butter etc.) during the famine period. When he was requested to take care of his health, he said, "If I don't taste suffering, how can I know the sufferings of others?"
When the famine became intolerable, he prayed to Allah in a big gathering of Muslims. It has been narrated that the prayers had not even finished when rains started to pour down.
About the same time, plague spread in most parts of Iraq, Syria and Egypt and it caused great havoc not only to civilians but also to the Muslim armies. After the plague, Hazrat Umar went to Syria to inspect the losses caused by the plague. Three important figures, Hazrat Abu Ubaidah, Mu'adh bin Jabal and Yazid bin Abu Sufyan (R.A) had passed away. He appointed Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan as the Governor of Damascus in place of his brother Yazid bin Abi Sufyan.Martyrdom of Hazrat Farooq-e-Azam (R.A)
In 23 A.H., when Hazrat Umar returned to Madinah from Hajj, he raised his hands and prayed:
"O God! I am advanced in years, my bones are weary, my powers are declining, and the people for whom I am responsible have spread far and wide. Summon me back to Thyself, my lord!"
Some time later, when Hazrat Umar went to the mosque to lead a prayer, a Magian named Abu Lulu Feroze, who had a grudge against Hazrat Umar on a personal matter, attacked him with a dagger and stabbed him several times. Hazrat Umar reeled and fell to the ground.
When he learned that the assassin was a Magian, he said, "Thank God he is not a Muslim."
The injuries were so serious that the great Khalifa died the next morning.
Before his death, the Muslims asked him about his successor and he appointed a panel of six persons; Hadrat Uthma Zubair, Talha, Sa'd bin Waqqas and Abdur Rahman bin 'Auf (R.A) to select a Khalifah from amongst them within three days after him.
He requested Hazrat Aisha (R.A) for permission for his burial beside Rasulallah (s.a.w), just as Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique expressed the same wish. Though she had reserved that place for herself, on Umar's request she gave it to him and that is where he was buried.Character and Piety
He was extremely pious and God-fearing. His success lay in two things: fear of Allah and his love for Rasulallah (s.a.w).He never used even oil from the Baitul Mal (Public Treasury) to burn a lamp at night for his personal needs. Whenever he finished the official work he put off the lamp. He used to patrol in the city at night to find out the needs and requirements, and conditions of the people.
He did not hesitate to take his wife to work as a midwife for a poor woman. The salary he got from the Baitul Mal was so low that it was hardly enough for him and his family's needs. When some of the eminent Muslims requested him to increase the amount he said, "Rasulallah (s.a.w) has left a standard by his personal example. I must follow him".
Hadrat Umar was one of the most just rulers in Islamic History. All the citizens, including the Khalifa himself, were equal before law.
Once he appeared before a court in Madinah to clarify his position against a complaint. The Qadi (judge) wanted to stand in his honour, but he did not allow him to do so, so that there would be no distinction between him and an ordinary person before Law.
He was really the founder of the modern democratic system.
In short, he was a perfect example of an ideal character, and was the greatest Khalifah of Islam after Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A).
He selflessly devoted his whole energy for the cause of Islam and the Muslim world will always be indebted to him for his great achievements.Hazrat Umar as a Great Scholar
Before the advent of Islam there was no tradition in Arabia of reading or writing. There were only seventeen people amongst the Quraish who could read or write at the time when Rasulallah (s.a.w) started to receive Divine revelations.
Hazrat Umar was one of those seventeen persons. His writing and lectures are still found in some old books.The first address he gave as a Caliph was:
"O Allah, I am strict, make me soft. I am weak, give me power. The Arabs are like refractory camels, I will endeavour to bring them to the straight path."
He was also interested in poetry and sometimes he composed verses. Hazrat Umar (R.A) was one of the most fluent of the Quraish in language.
Arabic-knowing persons can appreciate the fluency of his writings and addresses. Many of his sayings became aphorisms of literature.
He was a great Jurist and Theologian of Islam. Because of the fear of making any mistake, he did not quote many Ahadith even though he was fully conversant with them. He never allowed a person to quote any Hadith which was not well known without producing any attestator in support of it.
If somebody quoted a Hadith before him which he had never heard, he at once asked him to bring a witness; failing which he would be punished.
He was expert in deriving laws from the Holy Qur'an and the Hadith. A full volume could be complied out of the verdicts and judgements given by Hazrat Umar (R.A). As a matter of fact he opened a new door of Ijtihad (disciplined judgement of a jurist) in the history of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence, and settled a number of disputable cases during his Khilafat.
Preaching of Islam
As the viceroy of Rasulallah (s.a.w), his foremost duty was to spread and preach Islam. As mentioned above, the aim of various battles and wars was to clear the way for the Muslims for preaching Islam.
Whenever any army had to attack a place, they had to call the inhabitants of the place to Islam. Hazrat Umar was very strict in this respect and he had given standing orders to the commanders not to start war unless they had first invited the people to Islam. If they accepted it, there was no question of war and if they did not, then the war was fought only with those who were not giving a free hand to Muslims to preach the Right Path.
No person was ever forced to forsake his own faith and accept Islam.
The method adopted to preach Islam was demonstration by actual practice. For this purpose he ordered Muslims to establish their own quarters and present the practical shape of Islam before the population. Seeing the truthful way, the inhabitants of the place were attracted towards Islam. No soldier was allowed to take any property or anything by force from the conquered people.
Because of fair treatment by the Muslims, sometimes the whole army of the enemy accepted Islam.
After the battle of Qadisiya, a battalion of four thousand Persians accepted Islam. After the victory of Jalula, the chiefs of the place entered the folds of Islam along with the inhabitants. A commander of the army of Yadzgird, named Siyah accepted Islam with his battalion during a battle in Persia. All the inhabitants of the town of Bulhat in Egypt accepted Islam at one time without the use of any force only by seeing the piety of the Muslims. A rich merchant and the chief of a place in Egypt, named Shata, accepted Islam with all the inhabitants of the place only after hearing about the character and piety of Muslims at the time when Muslims had not even reached that place.
These are a few examples to show how Islam spread because of the character of Muslims at that time.Hazrat Umar (R.A) was very strict in ensuring that no Muslims forced any non-Muslim to accept Islam. Through his advice, letters and addresses, he made it clear to all the Muslims that they had to adhere to the ways of Rasulallah (s.a.w), which was the only method to preach Islam.
Wives and children
Wives:
1. Hazrat Zainab (R.A) accepted Islam but died in Makkah. She was sister of Uthman bin Maz'un. She gave birth to Hazrat Abdullah Abdur Rahman and Hazrat Hafsah (wife of Rasulallah (s.a.w)) were the children she bore to Hazrat Umar.
2. Malkiah bint Jarwal, she did not accept Islam and was divorced in 6 A.H. according to Islamic law. She gave birth to Ubaidullah.
3. Quraibah bint Abi Ummiyah, she also did not accept Islam and was divorced in 6 A.H.
The above three marriages had taken place before Hazrat Umar (R.A.) accepted Islam. After accepting Islam he contracted marriages with the following:
4. Ummi Hakim bint-ul-Harith, she gave birth to a girl named Fatimah.
5. Jamilah bint Asim, she gave birth to a son who was named Asim. She was a Muslim but was divorced for some other reason.
6. Umm Kulthum bint Hazrat Ali (R.A). She was married in the year 17 A.H. She gave birth to Ruqayyah and Zaid.
7. Atikah (R.A)
Children:Daughters -
1. Ummul Mumineen Hazrat Hafsah (R.A) - the chaste wife of Rasulallah (s.a.w).
2. Ruqayyah - the youngest daughter of Hazrat Umar.Sons -3. Abdullah
4. Ubaidullah
5. Asim
6. Abu Shahmah
7. Abd-ur-Rahman
8. ZaidHazrat Umar - the Pioneer of Islamic democracy
Hazrat Umar (R.A) was the pioneer of modern civilisation who formed a state based upon the Islamic democratic system, the system which was incorporated in the West as late as 19th and 20th centuries.
He was the greatest democratic administrator whose example is unparalleled not only in the history of Islam but also in the history of modern civilisation. A vast part of the Middle East, Persian Empire and Byzantium, was conquered during the ten years of his Khilafat which he consolidated into a state governed by Islam i.e. laws.The constitution of Islamic Khilafat during the time of Hazrat Umar (R.A) was based entirely on the Islamic democratic system. All matters were decided after consultation with the Shura (the council of advisors).
He remarked, "It is essential for a Khalifah to consult his Shura." Once he said, "I do not desire that you may follow anything that arises from my caprice".
Hazrat Umar had clearly stated on various occasions that he should be obeyed as long as he was obeying Allah and Rasulallah (s.a.w).
Muslims and non-Muslims were treated alike. Although the Arab peninsula was declared to be purely an Islamic State, his attitude towards the non-Muslims was very tolerant. He allowed the Jews and the Christians, living in the Peninsula, to stay there if they so wished and nobody would interfere in their religious affairs. To those who desired to migrate he ensured a safe journey up to the borders. Hazrat Umar (R.A) also gave compensation for their properties and other facilities.Introduction of the Islamic calendar
For the first time in the history of Islam, Islamic calendar was introduced in the present form by Hazrat Umar (R.A).
The date of start of this calendar was fixed as the date of the Hijrah (migration) of Rasulallah (s.a.w). Thus the calendar is also known as the Hijrah Calendar.Rasulallah (s.a.w)'s praise about Hazrat Farooq-e-Azam
"If there were to be a Prophet after me, he would have been Umar."- (Tirmidhi)
"Amongst the nations before your time, there have been inspired people (who were not Prophets), and if there is one amongst my Ummah, he is Umar
Thursday 26 December 2013
Hajr e Aswad History In Urdu
Hajr e Aswad History In Urdu
Hajr e Aswad History In English
Black holy stone is placed inside Kaaba which is kissed by pilgrims.
This is fixed on south east wall of holy Kaaba near the foot prints of
Hazrat Adam. This stone is almost 7 inches wide. If looked closely it
seems to be divided in 12 small pieces which are bonded by some kind of
glue. It is possible that it could have broken into pieces which were
later joined together. It is difficult to figure out the nature of this
stone as the surface of this stone has entirely changed and its color
has also become muddy partly because it is too old now and partly
because of the kisses of pilgrims.Hajr e Aswad Pictures
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